Q1

List the three main types of constraints in the relational model and explain each in your own words. List the Basic operations for changing the database and explain why the DELETE operation may violate only the referential integrity and not the entity constraint.

Q2

Identify and explain the various types of database users and their roles in a database system. Choose one type of user (e.g., end-users, database administrators, application programmers) and elaborate on the specific tasks and responsibilities associated with that user role. Discuss how the interaction of different user types contributes to a database system’s overall functionality and efficiency. Finally, provide a real-world example or case study where the collaboration of different types of database users played a crucial role in the success or failure of a database project. Ensure your response reflects a deep understanding of the roles and responsibilities of database users.

Q3

Your client, a retail company, has approached you for assistance in optimizing their inventory management system. They need a database schema to track product inventory, suppliers, and orders efficiently. Design an Entity-Relationship (ER) diagram to represent this system, considering the following entities and their attributes:

Product: Attributes may include ProductID, Name, Description, Price, and Quantity.

Supplier: Attributes may include SupplierID, Name, Contact, Address.

Order: Attributes may include OrderID, Date, and TotalAmount.

OrderDetails: This is a relationship entity representing the details of each order, such as the quantity of each product ordered.

Consider the relationships between these entities and ensure that your ER diagram reflects these connections accurately. Your diagram should illustrate how products are supplied by suppliers, how orders are placed, and the details associated with each order.

Q4

You are tasked with designing a conceptual database schema for the King Fahad General Hospital. The system needs to store information about Patients, Doctors, Departments, and Medicines. Explain in detail the fundamental database concepts you would consider during the design phase. Discuss the importance of entities, attributes, and relationships. Additionally, outline your proposed database architecture’s potential challenges and benefits, considering factors such as scalability and data integrity.