mid term about the automobile

Answer BOTH questions. Cite appropriately.

1. Familial factors, the automobile, racial factors, government policies (transportation policies, tax, incentives, funding, etc.), city crime, and activities of realtors are some of the most important factors influencing suburbanization in the U.S. What factor or group of factors are most influential to the continuous creation of settlements beyond city peripheries? Why and how?

2. “Once one recognizes that the automobile is not just a machine but a single element in a vast technical ecosystem in which every part is connected to every other and all human behaviors and institutions are shaped by its presence or absence, one is forced to recognize that any changes in this car-dependent landscape are almost inevitably trickier and more complicated than they first appear. It’s not just that Americans love their automobiles; it’s that the landscape we have created for them that makes no other options available to us. We have no choice but to love them.” (Wells and Cronon 2012, P.XII).

On the other hand, European cities, like Paris implements policies to deliberately restrict suburbanization (Fishman, 1987). Paris have also created an efficient transit system to enhance access and mobility around the city.

Considering the above notions, and from your experience, how would you describe New Orleans in terms of city planning and access (efficient mobility)?